The Manual of Harmonics of Nicomachus the Pythagorean

The Manual of Harmonics of Nicomachus the Pythagorean PDF Author: Nicomachus (of Gerasa.)
Publisher: Red Wheel/Weiser
ISBN: 9780933999435
Category : Music
Languages : en
Pages : 226

Book Description
In ancient Greek thought, the musical scale discovered by the philosopher Pythagoras was seen as a utopian model of the harmonic order behind the structure of the cosmos and human existence. Through proportion and harmony, the musical scale bridges the gap between two extremes. It encapsulates the most fundamental pattern of harmonic symmetry and demonstrates how the phenomena of nature are inseparably related to one another through the principle of reciprocity. Because of these relationships embodied in its structure, the musical scale was seen as an ideal metaphor of human society by Plato and other Pythagorean thinkers, for it is based on the cosmic principles of harmony, reciprocity, and proportion, whereby each part of the whole receives its just and proper share. This book is the first ever complete translation of The Manual of Harmonics by the Pythagorean philosopher Nicomachus of Gerasa (second century A.D.) published with a comprehensive, chapter-by-chapter commentary. It is a concise and well-organized introduction to the study of harmonics, the universal principles of relation embodied in the musical scale. Also included is a remarkable chapter-by-chapter commentary by the translator, Flora Levin, which makes this work easily accessible to the reader today. Dr. Levin explains the principles of Pythagorean harmony, provides extensive background information, and helps to situate Nicomachus' thought in the history of ideas. This important work constitutes a valuable resource for all students of ancient philosophy, Western cosmology, and the history of music.

Measuring Heaven

Measuring Heaven PDF Author: Christiane L. Joost-Gaugier
Publisher: Cornell University Press
ISBN: 1501727311
Category : Philosophy
Languages : en
Pages : 374

Book Description
Surviving fragments of information about Pythagoras (born ca. 570 BCE) gave rise to a growing set of legends about this famous sage and his followers, whose reputations throughout Antiquity and the Middle Ages have never before been studied systematically. This book is the first to examine the unified concepts of harmony, proportion, form, and order that were attributed to Pythagoras in the millennium after his death and the important developments to which they led in art, architecture, mathematics, astronomy, music, medicine, morals, religion, law, alchemy, and the occult sciences. In this profusely illustrated book, Christiane L. Joost-Gaugier sets out the panorama of Pythagoras's influence and that of Christian and Jewish thinkers who followed his ideas in the Greek, Roman, early Christian, and medieval worlds. In illuminating this tradition of thought, Joost-Gaugier shows how the influence of Pythagoreanism was far broader than is usually realized, and that it affected the development of ancient and medieval art and architecture from Greek and Roman temples to Gothic cathedrals.Joost-Gaugier demonstrates that Pythagoreanism—centered on the dim memory of a single person that endured for centuries and grew ever-greater—inspired a new language for artists and architects, enabling them to be "modern."

Pythagoras

Pythagoras PDF Author: Thomas Stanley
Publisher: Nicolas-Hays, Inc.
ISBN: 0892545879
Category : Philosophy
Languages : en
Pages : 357

Book Description
The timeless brilliance of this exhaustive survey of the best classical writers of antiquity on Pythagoras was first published in 1687 in Thomas Stanley’s massive tome, The History of Philosophy. It remains as contemporary today as it was over three hundred years ago. The text of the 1687 book has been reset and modernized to make it more accessible to the modern reader. Spelling has been regularized, obsolete words not found in a modern dictionary have been replaced, and contemporary conventions of punctuation have been used. Biographical sketches of Thomas Stanley and Pythagoras by Manly Palmer Hall, founder of the Philosophical Research Society, have been included, along with a profound overview of Pythagorean philosophy by Platonic scholar Dr. Henry L. Drake. The extensive Greek language references throughout the text have been corrected and contextualized, and reset in a modern Greek font. Each quotation has been verified with the source document in Greek. An extensive annotated appendix of these classical sources is included. A complete bibliography details all the reference works utilized, and a small Glossary defines a number of terms, especially those from musical theory, which may be unfamiliar to the non-technical reader.

Horns, Strings, and Harmony

Horns, Strings, and Harmony PDF Author: Arthur H. Benade
Publisher: Courier Corporation
ISBN: 0486173593
Category : Music
Languages : en
Pages : 289

Book Description
Engaging, accessible introduction to structure and sound-making capacities of piano, violin, trumpet, bugle, oboe, flute, saxophone, many other instruments. Also, how to build your own trumpet, flute, clarinet. Includes 76 illustrations. Bibliography.

Greek Reflections on the Nature of Music

Greek Reflections on the Nature of Music PDF Author: Flora R. Levin
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
ISBN: 0521518903
Category : History
Languages : en
Pages : 365

Book Description
In this book, Flora Levin explores how and why music was so important to the ancient Greeks. She examines the distinctions that they drew between the theory of music as an art ruled by number and the theory wherein number is held to be ruled by the art of music. These perspectives generated more expansive theories, particularly the idea that the cosmos is a mirror-image of music's structural elements and, conversely, that music by virtue of its cosmic elements - time, motion, and the continuum - is itself a mirror-image of the cosmos. These opposing perspectives gave rise to two opposing schools of thought, the Pythagorean and the Aristoxenian. Levin argues that the clash between these two schools could never be reconciled because the inherent conflict arises from two different worlds of mathematics. Her book shows how the Greeks' appreciation of the profundity of music's interconnections with philosophy, mathematics, and logic led to groundbreaking intellectual achievements that no civilization has ever matched.

Apollo's Lyre

Apollo's Lyre PDF Author: Thomas J. Mathiesen
Publisher: U of Nebraska Press
ISBN: 9780803230798
Category : Music
Languages : en
Pages : 832

Book Description
Ancient Greek music and music theory has fascinated scholars for centuries not only because of its intrinsic interest as a part of ancient Greek culture but also because the Greeks? grand concept of music has continued to stimulate musical imaginations to the present day. Unlike earlier treatments of the subject, Apollo?s Lyre is aimedøprincipally at the reader interested in the musical typologies, the musical instruments, and especially the historical development of music theory and its transmission through the Middle Ages. The basic method and scope of the study are set out in a preliminary chapter, followed by two chapters concentrating on the role of music in Greek society, musical typology, organology, and performance practice. The next chapters are devoted to the music theory itself, as it developed in three stages: in the treatises of Aristoxenus and the Sectio canonis; during the period of revival in the second century C.E.; and in late antiquity. Each theorist and treatise is considered separately but always within the context of the emerging traditions. The theory provides a remarkably complete and coherent system for explaining and analyzing musical phenomena, and a great deal of its conceptual framework, as well as much of its terminology, was borrowed and adapted by medieval Latin, Byzantine, and Arabic music theorists, a legacy reviewed in the final chapter. Transcriptions and analyses of some of the more complete pieces of Greek music preserved on papyrus or stone, or in manuscript, are integrated with a consideration of the musicopoetic types themselves. The book concludes with a comprehensive bibliography for the field, updating and expanding the author?s earlier Bibliography of Sources for the Study of Ancient Greek Music.

Sourcebook in the Mathematics of Ancient Greece and the Eastern Mediterranean

Sourcebook in the Mathematics of Ancient Greece and the Eastern Mediterranean PDF Author: Victor J. Katz
Publisher: Princeton University Press
ISBN: 0691202818
Category : Mathematics
Languages : en
Pages : 720

Book Description
"In recent decades, there has been extensive research on Greek mathematics that has considerably enlarged the scope of this area of inquiry. Traditionally, "Greek mathematics" has referred to the axiomatic work of Archimedes, Apollonius, and others in the first three centuries BCE. However, there is a wide body of mathematical work that appeared in the eastern Mediterranean during the time it was under Greek influence (from approximately 400 BCE to 600 CE), which remains under-explored in the existing scholarship. This sourcebook provides an updated look at Greek mathematics, bringing together classic Greek texts with material from lesser-known authors, as well as newly uncovered texts that have been omitted in previous scholarship. The book adopts a broad scope in defining mathematical practice, and as such, includes fields such as music, optics, and architecture. It includes important sources written in languages other than Greek in the eastern Mediterranean area during the period from 400 BCE to 600 CE, which show some influence from Greek culture. It also includes passages that highlight the important role mathematics played in philosophy, pedagogy, and popular culture. The book is organized topically; chapters include arithmetic, plane geometry, astronomy, and philosophy, literature, and education. Within each chapter, the (translated) texts are organized chronologically. The book weaves together ancient commentary on classic Greek works with the works themselves to show how the understanding of mathematical ideas changed over the centuries"--

Byzantine Military Manuals as Literary Works and Practical Handbooks

Byzantine Military Manuals as Literary Works and Practical Handbooks PDF Author: Georgios Chatzelis
Publisher: Routledge
ISBN: 0429947763
Category : History
Languages : en
Pages : 225

Book Description
This book studies the Sylloge Tacticorum, an important tenth-century Byzantine military manual. The text is used as a case study to connect military manuals with the challenges that Byzantium faced in its wars with the Arabs, but also with other aspects of Byzantine society such as education, politics, and conventions in the productions of literary texts and historical narratives. The book explores when the Sylloge was written and by whom. It identifies which passages from classical or earlier works were incorporated in the Sylloge and explains the reason why Byzantines imitated works of the past. The book then studies the extent to which the Sylloge was original and how innovation and originality were received in Byzantine society. Despite the imitation, the author of the Sylloge adapted and updated his material to reflect the current operational needs as well as the ideological, cultural and religious context of his time. Finally, the book attempts to estimate the extent to which Byzantine generals followed the advice of military manuals, and to explore whether historical narratives can be safely used to draw information as to how the Byzantines and the Arabs fought. Therefore, along with a detailed study of the Sylloge Tacticorum, this monograph also addresses broader issues of the pen and the sword such as military manuals in connection with Byzantine warfare, politics, literature, historiography and education.
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