Author: Mona Lena Krook
Publisher: Oxford University Press
ISBN: 0199745269
Category : Political Science
Languages : en
Pages : 303
Book Description
In recent years, political parties and national legislatures in more than one hundred countries have adopted quotas for the selection of female candidates to political office. Despite the rapid international diffusion of these measures, most research has focused on single countries - or, at most, the presence of quotas within one world region. Consequently, explanations for the adoption and impact of gender quotas derived from one study often contradict with findings from other cases. Quotas for Women in Politics is the first book to address quotas as a global phenomenon to explain their spread and impact in diverse contexts around the world. It is organized around two sets of questions. First, why are quotas adopted? Which actors are involved in quota campaigns, and why do they support or oppose quota measures? Second, what effects do quotas have on existing patterns of political representation? Are these provisions sufficient for bringing more women into politics? Or, does their impact depend on other features of the broader political context? Synthesizing literature on quota policies, this book develops a framework for analyzing the spread of quota provisions and the reasons for variations in their effects. It then applies this framework to examine and compare campaigns for reserved seats in Pakistan and India, party quotas in Sweden and the United Kingdom, and legislative quotas in Argentina and France.
The Impact of Gender Quotas
Author: Susan Franceschet
Publisher: Oxford University Press
ISBN: 0190236779
Category : Political Science
Languages : en
Pages : 272
Book Description
The introduction of electoral gender quotas in diverse contexts around the globe has attracted a great deal of scholarly and political interest. To date, research on these measures has focused primarily on quota design, adoption, and effects on the numbers of women elected. While this remains a crucial focus, quotas are not simply about changing the proportion of women in political office. Both supporters and opponents of quotas suggest, albeit from different perspectives, that positive action for women as candidates will influence the kinds of women elected, the policy-making process as it concerns women's issues, the way citizens view women in public life, and the relationship between female voters and the political process. Seeking to initiate a "second generation" of research on quotas, this volume is an effort to inspire a new literature focused on theorizing and studying the broader impact of quotas on politics and society. The book is structured in relation to three facets of political representation: the attributes of officeholders (descriptive representation); the promotion of group interests during the legislative process (substantive representation); and the broader cultural meanings and social consequences of political incorporation (symbolic representation). Within each section, the chapters include case studies from four regions of the world: Western Europe, Latin America, Sub-Saharan Africa, and Asia and the Middle East. This approach recognizes that quotas are a global phenomenon and that research on quotas and representation benefits from a comparative, cross-national approach. The Impact of Gender Quotas is a theory-building and comparative exercise in elaborating concepts commonly used to analyze the broad impacts of gender quotas. The book begins with the argument that the means by which women enter politics may influence how, why and to what extent their presence affects political representation. Following a preface by Drude Dahlerup, one of the pioneers of gender quota research, the editors introduce the book with a conceptual framework for analyzing the impact of quotas, based upon descriptive, substantive and symbolic dimensions of representation. The book is subsequently organized into three sections, each devoted to analyzing one of the dimensions of representation, and each of these sections contains a chapter case study from one of four regions of the world (Western Europe, Latin America, Sub-Saharan Africa, and Asia). Each of the chapters follows a basic format instituted by the editors, with the goal of facilitating cross-case comparisons and broad theory-building. The editors conclude the book by summarizing the main themes and implications for future research on gender quotas.
Publisher: Oxford University Press
ISBN: 0190236779
Category : Political Science
Languages : en
Pages : 272
Book Description
The introduction of electoral gender quotas in diverse contexts around the globe has attracted a great deal of scholarly and political interest. To date, research on these measures has focused primarily on quota design, adoption, and effects on the numbers of women elected. While this remains a crucial focus, quotas are not simply about changing the proportion of women in political office. Both supporters and opponents of quotas suggest, albeit from different perspectives, that positive action for women as candidates will influence the kinds of women elected, the policy-making process as it concerns women's issues, the way citizens view women in public life, and the relationship between female voters and the political process. Seeking to initiate a "second generation" of research on quotas, this volume is an effort to inspire a new literature focused on theorizing and studying the broader impact of quotas on politics and society. The book is structured in relation to three facets of political representation: the attributes of officeholders (descriptive representation); the promotion of group interests during the legislative process (substantive representation); and the broader cultural meanings and social consequences of political incorporation (symbolic representation). Within each section, the chapters include case studies from four regions of the world: Western Europe, Latin America, Sub-Saharan Africa, and Asia and the Middle East. This approach recognizes that quotas are a global phenomenon and that research on quotas and representation benefits from a comparative, cross-national approach. The Impact of Gender Quotas is a theory-building and comparative exercise in elaborating concepts commonly used to analyze the broad impacts of gender quotas. The book begins with the argument that the means by which women enter politics may influence how, why and to what extent their presence affects political representation. Following a preface by Drude Dahlerup, one of the pioneers of gender quota research, the editors introduce the book with a conceptual framework for analyzing the impact of quotas, based upon descriptive, substantive and symbolic dimensions of representation. The book is subsequently organized into three sections, each devoted to analyzing one of the dimensions of representation, and each of these sections contains a chapter case study from one of four regions of the world (Western Europe, Latin America, Sub-Saharan Africa, and Asia). Each of the chapters follows a basic format instituted by the editors, with the goal of facilitating cross-case comparisons and broad theory-building. The editors conclude the book by summarizing the main themes and implications for future research on gender quotas.
Quota
Author: Jock Serong
Publisher: Text Publishing
ISBN: 1925355055
Category : Fiction
Languages : en
Pages : 260
Book Description
HIS HONOUR: Mr Jardim, withdraw that comment immediately. MR JARDIM: Your Honour, I'm not withdrawing it because it's got nothing to do with the merits of this case, just as your small-minded treatment of my client has got nothing to do with the merits of the case. I mean, could you have cocked this thing up any worse? Bloody helpless kid and you know she's back out on the street now. You're known throughout the state as a heartless old prick and a drunk, and seeing I've gone this far, your daughter-in-law's appointment to the court is widely viewed as a grubby political payoff. Today's pretty much the lowest I've seen you stoop but it's been a rich field of excrem— HIS HONOUR: Senior, will you have Mr Jardim removed? Charlie Jardim has just trashed his legal career in a spectacular courtroom meltdown, and his girlfriend has finally left him. So when a charitable colleague slings him a prosecution brief that will take him to the remote coastal town of Dauphin, Charlie reluctantly agrees that the sea air might be good for him. The case is a murder. The victim was involved in the illegal abalone trade and the even more illegal drug trade. And the witnesses aren't talking. And as Dauphin closes ranks around him, Charlie is about to find his interest in the law powerfully reignited.
Publisher: Text Publishing
ISBN: 1925355055
Category : Fiction
Languages : en
Pages : 260
Book Description
HIS HONOUR: Mr Jardim, withdraw that comment immediately. MR JARDIM: Your Honour, I'm not withdrawing it because it's got nothing to do with the merits of this case, just as your small-minded treatment of my client has got nothing to do with the merits of the case. I mean, could you have cocked this thing up any worse? Bloody helpless kid and you know she's back out on the street now. You're known throughout the state as a heartless old prick and a drunk, and seeing I've gone this far, your daughter-in-law's appointment to the court is widely viewed as a grubby political payoff. Today's pretty much the lowest I've seen you stoop but it's been a rich field of excrem— HIS HONOUR: Senior, will you have Mr Jardim removed? Charlie Jardim has just trashed his legal career in a spectacular courtroom meltdown, and his girlfriend has finally left him. So when a charitable colleague slings him a prosecution brief that will take him to the remote coastal town of Dauphin, Charlie reluctantly agrees that the sea air might be good for him. The case is a murder. The victim was involved in the illegal abalone trade and the even more illegal drug trade. And the witnesses aren't talking. And as Dauphin closes ranks around him, Charlie is about to find his interest in the law powerfully reignited.
Women, Quotas and Politics
Author: Drude Dahlerup
Publisher: Routledge
ISBN: 1134186517
Category : Political Science
Languages : en
Pages : 322
Book Description
This is the first world-wide, comparative study of the controversial new trends of gender quotas now emerging in global politics, presenting a comprehensive overview of changes in women’s parliamentary representation across the world. This is important reading for all those working to increase women’s influence in politics, because it scrutinizes under what circumstances gender quotas do increase women’s representation – and why they sometimes fail. These distinguished international scholars also show how gender balance in politics has become important to a nation’s international image and why quotas are being introduced in many post-conflict countries. They present key case studies of Afghanistan, Iraq, Argentina, Sweden, South Africa, Belgium, covering almost all major regions of the world: Latin America, Africa, the Arab world, South Asia, the Balkans, The Nordic countries and Europe, New Zealand, Australia and the USA - and Rwanda, which in 2003 unexpectedly surpassed Sweden as the number one country in the world in terms of women’s parliamentary representation. Using a comparative perspective, this book contains analyses of the discursive controversies around quotas; it gives an overview over various types of quotas in use from candidate quotas to reserved seat systems, and it throws light over the troublesome implementation process. When do gender quotas lead to actual increase in the number of women parliament? When are quotas merely a symbolic gesture? What does it imply to be elected as a ‘quota woman’? Tackling these and many more key questions, this is a major new contribution to the field. Making an important contribution to our knowledge of gender politics worldwide, this book will be of interest to NGOs, students and scholars of democracy, policy-making, comparative politics and gender studies.
Publisher: Routledge
ISBN: 1134186517
Category : Political Science
Languages : en
Pages : 322
Book Description
This is the first world-wide, comparative study of the controversial new trends of gender quotas now emerging in global politics, presenting a comprehensive overview of changes in women’s parliamentary representation across the world. This is important reading for all those working to increase women’s influence in politics, because it scrutinizes under what circumstances gender quotas do increase women’s representation – and why they sometimes fail. These distinguished international scholars also show how gender balance in politics has become important to a nation’s international image and why quotas are being introduced in many post-conflict countries. They present key case studies of Afghanistan, Iraq, Argentina, Sweden, South Africa, Belgium, covering almost all major regions of the world: Latin America, Africa, the Arab world, South Asia, the Balkans, The Nordic countries and Europe, New Zealand, Australia and the USA - and Rwanda, which in 2003 unexpectedly surpassed Sweden as the number one country in the world in terms of women’s parliamentary representation. Using a comparative perspective, this book contains analyses of the discursive controversies around quotas; it gives an overview over various types of quotas in use from candidate quotas to reserved seat systems, and it throws light over the troublesome implementation process. When do gender quotas lead to actual increase in the number of women parliament? When are quotas merely a symbolic gesture? What does it imply to be elected as a ‘quota woman’? Tackling these and many more key questions, this is a major new contribution to the field. Making an important contribution to our knowledge of gender politics worldwide, this book will be of interest to NGOs, students and scholars of democracy, policy-making, comparative politics and gender studies.
Terror by Quota
Author: Paul R. Gregory
Publisher: Yale University Press
ISBN: 0300152787
Category : History
Languages : en
Pages : 354
Book Description
This original analysis of the workings of the Soviet state security organs under Lenin and Stalin illuminates the ways in which terror and repression in the Soviet Union were used during this period.
Publisher: Yale University Press
ISBN: 0300152787
Category : History
Languages : en
Pages : 354
Book Description
This original analysis of the workings of the Soviet state security organs under Lenin and Stalin illuminates the ways in which terror and repression in the Soviet Union were used during this period.
Crushing Quota: Proven Sales Coaching Tactics for Breakthrough Performance
Author: Michelle Vazzana
Publisher: McGraw Hill Professional
ISBN: 126012116X
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 256
Book Description
Make sales coaching a daily priority for top-of-game staff performance Those who do it right prove time and time again that sales coaching works. If you’re one of the many managers yet to reap the benefits of sales coaching, the solution is in your hands. Based on one of today’s most popular sales training programs Crushing Quota breaks the process down into manageable components, so you can make sales coaching a realistic, meaningful part of your staff’s job. It all comes down to three critical points that the vast majority of sales managers today are missing: •Provide clear direction for sellers on how to get to quota—for all sales roles•Ensure effective execution by coaching the right things, in the right measure, executed the right way •Assess seller performance and make timely course corrections It’s all about helping your people make the best use of their time and effort. That’s what coaches do. When a salesperson is skilled at making important decisions about which priorities to pursue and which ones to ignore to—results follow. It’s that simple. Crushing Quota teaches you how to develop the best coaching approach for your teams and their individual sellers using powerful research-based best practices. This is the definitive guide to making sales coaching work for any sales team in any industry.
Publisher: McGraw Hill Professional
ISBN: 126012116X
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 256
Book Description
Make sales coaching a daily priority for top-of-game staff performance Those who do it right prove time and time again that sales coaching works. If you’re one of the many managers yet to reap the benefits of sales coaching, the solution is in your hands. Based on one of today’s most popular sales training programs Crushing Quota breaks the process down into manageable components, so you can make sales coaching a realistic, meaningful part of your staff’s job. It all comes down to three critical points that the vast majority of sales managers today are missing: •Provide clear direction for sellers on how to get to quota—for all sales roles•Ensure effective execution by coaching the right things, in the right measure, executed the right way •Assess seller performance and make timely course corrections It’s all about helping your people make the best use of their time and effort. That’s what coaches do. When a salesperson is skilled at making important decisions about which priorities to pursue and which ones to ignore to—results follow. It’s that simple. Crushing Quota teaches you how to develop the best coaching approach for your teams and their individual sellers using powerful research-based best practices. This is the definitive guide to making sales coaching work for any sales team in any industry.
Export Quotas and Policy Constraints in the Indian Textile and Garment Industries
Author: Sanjay Kathuria
Publisher: World Bank Publications
ISBN:
Category : Clothing trade
Languages : en
Pages : 42
Book Description
November 1998 Substantial export tax equivalents exist for Indian textile and clothing exports, especially to the United States. In today's world, these would have been even higher if domestic Indian policy constraints had been relaxed. In tomorrow's world, the health of India's textile and clothing industries may depend on timely relaxation of these constraints. The Agreement on Textiles and Clothing will abolish all quota restrictions in trade in textiles and clothing by the year 2005. Dismantling the quota regime represents both an opportunity (for developing countries to expand exports) and a threat (because quotas will no longer guarantee markets and even the domestic market will be open to competition). Data about the real burden imposed by distorting but nontransparent policies under the quota regime are inadequate, so Kathuria and Bhardwaj interviewed traders in Delhi and Bombay about quota rents. They provide comprehensive estimates of the magnitude of the implicit export taxes resulting from the labyrinth of quotas imposed under the WTO Agreement on Textiles and Clothing. Using the concept of an export tax equivalent (or ETE), they assess how much exports are restricted. The international trade regime in textiles and clothing imposes a substantial tax equivalent on Indian exports. Between 1993 and 1997, ETEs for garment exports to the United States were roughly double those for the European Union. The ETEs for the United States declined in 1996, which could be a warning signal that India faces increasing competition from a NAFTA-empowered Mexico. From India's viewpoint, the European Union is ahead of the United States in dismantling the quota regime-and in not restricting Indian cotton (garment) exports (where India has a comparative advantage) more than synthetics. India's strengths in this sector lie in natural resources and factor endowments-raw cotton and cheap labor. The Indian garment industry's decentralized production structure - subcontracting, which is low risk and low capital-has served the industry well but has excluded Indian products from the mass market for clothing, which demands consistent quality for large volumes of a single item. Growth in Indian exports may require a shift to an assembly-line, factory-type system. This would probably require: * No longer restricting garment production to the small-scale sector (and ending other anachronistic policies). * Making labor policy more flexible. o Ending the policy bias against synthetic fibers. * Reducing transaction costs for exports. This paper-a product of Trade, Development Research Group-is part of a larger effort in the group to assess the impact of industrial country trade policies on developing countries.
Publisher: World Bank Publications
ISBN:
Category : Clothing trade
Languages : en
Pages : 42
Book Description
November 1998 Substantial export tax equivalents exist for Indian textile and clothing exports, especially to the United States. In today's world, these would have been even higher if domestic Indian policy constraints had been relaxed. In tomorrow's world, the health of India's textile and clothing industries may depend on timely relaxation of these constraints. The Agreement on Textiles and Clothing will abolish all quota restrictions in trade in textiles and clothing by the year 2005. Dismantling the quota regime represents both an opportunity (for developing countries to expand exports) and a threat (because quotas will no longer guarantee markets and even the domestic market will be open to competition). Data about the real burden imposed by distorting but nontransparent policies under the quota regime are inadequate, so Kathuria and Bhardwaj interviewed traders in Delhi and Bombay about quota rents. They provide comprehensive estimates of the magnitude of the implicit export taxes resulting from the labyrinth of quotas imposed under the WTO Agreement on Textiles and Clothing. Using the concept of an export tax equivalent (or ETE), they assess how much exports are restricted. The international trade regime in textiles and clothing imposes a substantial tax equivalent on Indian exports. Between 1993 and 1997, ETEs for garment exports to the United States were roughly double those for the European Union. The ETEs for the United States declined in 1996, which could be a warning signal that India faces increasing competition from a NAFTA-empowered Mexico. From India's viewpoint, the European Union is ahead of the United States in dismantling the quota regime-and in not restricting Indian cotton (garment) exports (where India has a comparative advantage) more than synthetics. India's strengths in this sector lie in natural resources and factor endowments-raw cotton and cheap labor. The Indian garment industry's decentralized production structure - subcontracting, which is low risk and low capital-has served the industry well but has excluded Indian products from the mass market for clothing, which demands consistent quality for large volumes of a single item. Growth in Indian exports may require a shift to an assembly-line, factory-type system. This would probably require: * No longer restricting garment production to the small-scale sector (and ending other anachronistic policies). * Making labor policy more flexible. o Ending the policy bias against synthetic fibers. * Reducing transaction costs for exports. This paper-a product of Trade, Development Research Group-is part of a larger effort in the group to assess the impact of industrial country trade policies on developing countries.
Quotas for Women in Politics : Gender and Candidate Selection Reform Worldwide
Author: Gender and Sexuality Studies Washington University in St. Louis Mona Lena Krook Assistant Professor of Political Science and Women
Publisher: Oxford University Press, USA
ISBN: 0199704899
Category : Social Science
Languages : en
Pages : 304
Book Description
In recent years, political parties and national legislatures in more than one hundred countries have adopted quotas for the selection of female candidates to political office. Despite the rapid international diffusion of these measures, most research has focused on single countries - or, at most, the presence of quotas within one world region. Consequently, explanations for the adoption and impact of gender quotas derived from one study often contradict with findings from other cases. Quotas for Women in Politics is the first book to address quotas as a global phenomenon to explain their spread and impact in diverse contexts around the world. It is organized around two sets of questions. First, why are quotas adopted? Which actors are involved in quota campaigns, and why do they support or oppose quota measures? Second, what effects do quotas have on existing patterns of political representation? Are these provisions sufficient for bringing more women into politics? Or, does their impact depend on other features of the broader political context? Synthesizing literature on quota policies, this book develops a framework for analyzing the spread of quota provisions and the reasons for variations in their effects. It then applies this framework to examine and compare campaigns for reserved seats in Pakistan and India, party quotas in Sweden and the United Kingdom, and legislative quotas in Argentina and France.
Publisher: Oxford University Press, USA
ISBN: 0199704899
Category : Social Science
Languages : en
Pages : 304
Book Description
In recent years, political parties and national legislatures in more than one hundred countries have adopted quotas for the selection of female candidates to political office. Despite the rapid international diffusion of these measures, most research has focused on single countries - or, at most, the presence of quotas within one world region. Consequently, explanations for the adoption and impact of gender quotas derived from one study often contradict with findings from other cases. Quotas for Women in Politics is the first book to address quotas as a global phenomenon to explain their spread and impact in diverse contexts around the world. It is organized around two sets of questions. First, why are quotas adopted? Which actors are involved in quota campaigns, and why do they support or oppose quota measures? Second, what effects do quotas have on existing patterns of political representation? Are these provisions sufficient for bringing more women into politics? Or, does their impact depend on other features of the broader political context? Synthesizing literature on quota policies, this book develops a framework for analyzing the spread of quota provisions and the reasons for variations in their effects. It then applies this framework to examine and compare campaigns for reserved seats in Pakistan and India, party quotas in Sweden and the United Kingdom, and legislative quotas in Argentina and France.