Introduction to Volcanic Seismology

Introduction to Volcanic Seismology PDF Author: Vyacheslav M Zobin
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 0080535054
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 303

Book Description
Volcanic earthquakes represent the main and often the only instrument to forecast volcanic eruptions. This book is the first monograph about seismicity in volcanoes. It describes the main types of seismic signals in volcanoes, their nature and spatial and temporal distribution at different stages of eruptive activity.The book begins with an introduction to the history of volcanic seismology, discusses the models developed for the study of the origin of volcanic earthquakes of both a volcano-tectonic and eruption nature. The next three chapters give case histories of seismic activity associated with 34 eruptions in 17 basaltic, andesitic and dacitic volcanoes throughout the world from 1910 to 1998. Chapters 8 to 10 describe the general regularities of volcano-tectonic earthquakes, their participation in the eruptive process, source properties, and the hazard of strong volcano-tectonic earthquakes. The following three chapters are devoted to the description of eruption earthquakes: volcanic tremor, seismic noise of pyroclastic flows, and explosion earthquakes, with a special discussion on their relationship to eruptive processes. The final two chapters discuss the mitigation of volcanic hazard, the methodology of seismic monitoring of volcanic activity, and experience with forecasting volcanic eruptions by seismic methods.

Volcanic Eruptions and Their Repose, Unrest, Precursors, and Timing

Volcanic Eruptions and Their Repose, Unrest, Precursors, and Timing PDF Author: National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 0309454158
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 135

Book Description
Volcanic eruptions are common, with more than 50 volcanic eruptions in the United States alone in the past 31 years. These eruptions can have devastating economic and social consequences, even at great distances from the volcano. Fortunately many eruptions are preceded by unrest that can be detected using ground, airborne, and spaceborne instruments. Data from these instruments, combined with basic understanding of how volcanoes work, form the basis for forecasting eruptionsâ€"where, when, how big, how long, and the consequences. Accurate forecasts of the likelihood and magnitude of an eruption in a specified timeframe are rooted in a scientific understanding of the processes that govern the storage, ascent, and eruption of magma. Yet our understanding of volcanic systems is incomplete and biased by the limited number of volcanoes and eruption styles observed with advanced instrumentation. Volcanic Eruptions and Their Repose, Unrest, Precursors, and Timing identifies key science questions, research and observation priorities, and approaches for building a volcano science community capable of tackling them. This report presents goals for making major advances in volcano science.

Paleoseismology

Paleoseismology PDF Author: James P. McCalpin
Publisher: Academic Press
ISBN: 0080919987
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 916

Book Description
Paleoseismology has become an important component of seismic risk analysis, which is mandated for nuclear power plants, dams, waste repositories, and other critical structures. This book is the first in the English language to be devoted solely to paleoseismology. It summarizes the development of the field from the 1960s to the present, encompassing material that is currently widely dispersed in journal articles. - Includes a comprehensive review of the techniques currently used in paleoseismology - Emphasizes practical methods of data collection and field studies - Covers interpretation of field data based on current theory concerning fault segmentation and recurrence cycles - Contains more than 170 line drawings and 50 photographs of paleoseismic phenomena

Earthquake Research and Analysis

Earthquake Research and Analysis PDF Author: Sebastiano D'Amico
Publisher: BoD – Books on Demand
ISBN: 9533079916
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 420

Book Description
This book is devoted to different aspects of earthquake research. Depending on their magnitude and the placement of the hypocenter, earthquakes have the potential to be very destructive. Given that they can cause significant losses and deaths, it is really important to understand the process and the physics of this phenomenon. This book does not focus on a unique problem in earthquake processes, but spans studies on historical earthquakes and seismology in different tectonic environments, to more applied studies on earthquake geology.

Volcanism in Antarctica: 200 Million Years of Subduction, Rifting and Continental Break-up

Volcanism in Antarctica: 200 Million Years of Subduction, Rifting and Continental Break-up PDF Author: J.L. Smellie
Publisher: Geological Society of London
ISBN: 178620536X
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 802

Book Description
This memoir is the first to review all of Antarctica’s volcanism between 200 million years ago and the Present. The region is still volcanically active. The volume is an amalgamation of in-depth syntheses, which are presented within distinctly different tectonic settings. Each is described in terms of (1) the volcanology and eruptive palaeoenvironments; (2) petrology and origin of magma; and (3) active volcanism, including tephrochronology. Important volcanic episodes include: astonishingly voluminous mafic and felsic volcanic deposits associated with the Jurassic break-up of Gondwana; the construction and progressive demise of a major Jurassic to Present continental arc, including back-arc alkaline basalts and volcanism in a young ensialic marginal basin; Miocene to Pleistocene mafic volcanism associated with post-subduction slab-window formation; numerous Neogene alkaline volcanoes, including the massive Erebus volcano and its persistent phonolitic lava lake, that are widely distributed within and adjacent to one of the world’s major zones of lithospheric extension (the West Antarctic Rift System); and very young ultrapotassic volcanism erupted subglacially and forming a world-wide type example (Gaussberg).

Remote Sensing of Volcanic Processes and Risk

Remote Sensing of Volcanic Processes and Risk PDF Author: Francesca Cigna
Publisher: MDPI
ISBN: 3036501266
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 430

Book Description
Remote sensing data and methods are increasingly being implemented in assessments of volcanic processes and risk. This happens thanks to their capability to provide a spectrum of observation and measurement opportunities to accurately sense the dynamics, magnitude, frequency, and impacts of volcanic activity. This book includes research papers on the use of satellite, aerial, and ground-based remote sensing to detect thermal features and anomalies, investigate lava and pyroclastic flows, predict the flow path of lahars, measure gas emissions and plumes, and estimate ground deformation. The multi-disciplinary character of the approaches employed for volcano monitoring and the combination of a variety of sensor types, platforms, and methods that come out from the papers testify to the current scientific and technology trends toward multi-data and multi-sensor monitoring solutions. The added value of the papers lies in the demonstration of how remote sensing can improve our knowledge of volcanoes that pose a threat to local communities; back-analysis and critical revision of recent volcanic eruptions and unrest periods; and improvement of modeling and prediction methods. Therefore, the selected case studies also demonstrate the societal impact that this scientific discipline can potentially have on volcanic hazard and risk management.

Volcanotectonics

Volcanotectonics PDF Author: Agust Gudmundsson
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
ISBN: 1107024951
Category : Nature
Languages : en
Pages : 601

Book Description
A comprehensive guide for students and researchers to the physical processes inside volcanoes that control eruption frequency, duration, and size.

Introducing Volcanology

Introducing Volcanology PDF Author: Dougal Jerram
Publisher: Dunedin Academic Press
ISBN: 9781906716226
Category : Volcanic ash, tuff, etc
Languages : en
Pages : 0

Book Description
Volcanic activity is an essential element of the forces that shape and continually reshape our planet. Volcanic eruptions are a regular reminder of the power of nature and our vulnerability to this raw geological phenomenon. What are volcanoes? How do volcanoes relate to plate tectonics and the movement of continents? Why do eruptions occur? Can we predict eruptions? How have volcanoes affected the earth's climate? What other volcanic activity is there? Copiously illustrated throughout, Introducing Volcanology is a concise and accessible introduction to the science of hot rocks. The book is for those with a curiosity - and for those contemplating a course of formal study - in the subject of volcanology. Technical terms are kept to a minimum and a glossary is provided, covering the whole realm, from ash to zeolites. The book also describes the most notable eruptions in world history. "...thorough and well done....clear and often innovative graphics." The Leading Edge (August 2012) [Subject: Volcanology, Geology, Natural Science]

Encyclopedia of Geology

Encyclopedia of Geology PDF Author:
Publisher: Academic Press
ISBN: 0081029098
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 5634

Book Description
Encyclopedia of Geology, Second Edition presents in six volumes state-of-the-art reviews on the various aspects of geologic research, all of which have moved on considerably since the writing of the first edition. New areas of discussion include extinctions, origins of life, plate tectonics and its influence on faunal provinces, new types of mineral and hydrocarbon deposits, new methods of dating rocks, and geological processes. Users will find this to be a fundamental resource for teachers and students of geology, as well as researchers and non-geology professionals seeking up-to-date reviews of geologic research. Provides a comprehensive and accessible one-stop shop for information on the subject of geology, explaining methodologies and technical jargon used in the field Highlights connections between geology and other physical and biological sciences, tackling research problems that span multiple fields Fills a critical gap of information in a field that has seen significant progress in past years Presents an ideal reference for a wide range of scientists in earth and environmental areas of study
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