Integrating Human Factors Methods and Systems Thinking for Transport Analysis and Design

Author: Gemma J. M. Read
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 1317115260
Category : Computers
Languages : en
Pages : 238

Book Description
Governments and road safety agencies around the world have either introduced or are considering 'safe system' strategies, a long overdue acknowledgement that different elements of the road system contribute to road safety outcomes. Human factors approaches have a leading role here in both conceptualising the road system as a complex sociotechnical system and in providing practical approaches to support true systems-based countermeasures. This book illustrates the potential for integrating contemporary systems-based human factors methods with modern day driving-assessment methods, such as vehicle instrumentation and driving simulation, to understand and enhance performance in modern day road-transport systems. The book outlines why a fundamental paradigm shift is needed in the way these systems are designed and operated, and illustrates how a wide range of accepted human-factors approaches can be applied successfully to road transport to revolutionise the countermeasure design process. The practical illustrations of these human factors methods are applied to a long-standing road and rail safety issue: rail level crossings, where the road and rail systems intersect. The final chapter of the book highlights the utility of the human factors approach to reducing road trauma and discusses future applications of the approach.

Handbook of Systems Thinking Methods

Author: Paul M. Salmon
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 1000602796
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 369

Book Description
The systems thinking philosophy has become popular in human factors and ergonomics and safety science. These methods are being used to understand and resolve complex societal problems in areas such as transport safety, workplace safety, medication error, disaster management, child abuse, financial crises, terrorism, climate change and public health and wellbeing. This handbook presents practical step-by-step guidance for practitioners and researchers wishing to use these methods to tackle complex problems. Each method includes an example case study which demonstrates how the method can be applied and how the results can be interpreted and translated into practical recommendations. The book presents practical guidance on state-of-the-art systems thinking methods and offers case study applications describing systems thinking methods in novel areas. It explains how to translate the outputs of systems thinking methods in practice and introduces systems thinking with an overview of Human Factors and Ergonomics applications. This book will serve as a great reference for students and engineers in the field of systems engineering, complex systems and the design and development of systems, including ergonomics/human factors and systems engineers, designers, architects, industrial engineers, project management engineers, reliability engineers, risk engineers, software engineers and computer engineers.

Systems Thinking in Practice

Author: Neville A. Dr. Stanton
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 1351598848
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 298

Book Description
This book presents the latest developments of Systems Thinking in Practice to the analysis and design of complex sociotechnical systems. The Event Analysis of Systemic Teamwork (EAST) method is applied to micro, meso and macro systems. Written by experts in the field, this text covers a diverse range of domains, including: automation, aviation, energy grid distribution, military command and control, road and rail transportation, sports, and urban planning. Extensions to the EAST method are presented along with future directions for the approach. Illustrates a contemporary review of the status of Distributed Cognition (DCOG) Presents examples of the application of Event Analysis of Systemic Teamwork (EAST) method Presents examples of the application of Event Analysis of Systemic Teamwork (EAST) method Discusses the metrics for the examination of social, task, and information networks Provides comparison of alternative networks with implications for design of DCOG in systems

Simulators for Transportation Human Factors

Author: Mark S. Young
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 1317054962
Category : Computers
Languages : en
Pages : 465

Book Description
Simulation continues to be a growth area in transportation human factors. From empirical studies in the laboratory to the latest training techniques in the field, simulators offer myriad benefits for the experimenter and the practitioner. This book draws together current trends in research and training simulators for the road, rail, air and sea sectors to inform the reader how to maximize both validity and cost-effectiveness in each case. Simulators for Transportation Human Factors provides a valuable resource for both researchers and practitioners in transportation human factors on the use of simulators, giving readers concrete examples and case studies of how simulators have been developed and used in empirical research as well as training applications. It offers useful and usable information on the functional requirements of simulators without the need for any background knowledge on the technical aspects, focusing on the state of the art of research and applications in transport simulators rather than the state of the art of simulation technology. The book covers simulators in operational terms instead of task simulation/modelling and provides a useful balance between a bottom-up, academic approach and a top-down, practical perspective.

Human Factors in Land Use Planning and Urban Design

Author: Nicholas J. Stevens
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 1317120248
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 289

Book Description
The integration of Human Factors in Land Use Planning and Urban Design (LUP & UD) is an exciting and emerging interdisciplinary field. This book offers practical guidance on a range of Human Factors methods that can be used to rigorously and reliably explore LUP & UD. It provides new ways to interpret urban space and detail context sensitive analysis for the interpretation and design of our surroundings. The methodologies outlined allow for the consideration of the technical aspects of the built environment with the necessary experience and human centered approaches to our urban and regional settings. This book describes 30 Human Factors methods for use in the LUP & UD context. While it explores theory, it also focuses on the question of what Human Factors methods are; their advantages and disadvantages; step-by-step guidance on how to carry them out; and case studies to guide the reader. Describes the practice and processes associated with urban and regional strategic planning Constructed so that students, practitioners, and researchers with an interest in one particular area of Human Factors can read the chapters independently from one another

Translating Systems Thinking into Practice

Author: Natassia Goode
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 1317172485
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 288

Book Description
Systems thinking tells us that human error, violations and technology failures result from poorly designed and managed work systems. To help us understand and prevent injuries and incidents, incident reporting systems must be capable of collecting data on contributory factors from across the overall work system, in addition to factors relating to the immediate context of the event (e.g. front-line workers, environment, and equipment). This book describes how to design a practical, usable incident reporting system based on this approach. The book contains all the information needed to effectively design and implement a new incident reporting system underpinned by systems thinking. It also provides guidance on how to evaluate and improve existing incident reporting systems so they are practical for users, collect good quality data, and reflect the principles of systems thinking. Features Highlights the key principles of systems thinking for designing incident reporting systems Outlines a process for developing and testing incident reporting systems Describes how to evaluate incident reporting systems to ensure they are practical, usable, and collect good quality data Provides detailed guidance on how to analyze incident data, and translate the findings into appropriate incident prevention strategies

Distributed Situation Awareness in Road Transport

Author: Paul M. Salmon
Publisher: Routledge
ISBN: 131705458X
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 264

Book Description
How can we design transport environments that cater to the situation awareness needs of different end-users? This book answers this question by showcasing how state-of-the-art human factors theory and methods can be used to understand how situation awareness differs across drivers, cyclists, motorcyclists, and pedestrians and creates new designs that cater to these diverse situation awareness needs. Written by experts in the field and based on a major program of work funded by the Australian Research Council, this book outlines the distributed situation awareness model and provides practical guidance on how to study situation awareness naturalistically and how to create designs that support, rather than hinder, situation awareness. The book closes by outlining outline a generic framework to support similar applications in other areas, and discusses future applications in areas such as vehicle automation, artificial intelligence, and cybersecurity. Features Challenges traditional road safety analysis, design processes and conventions Outlines a novel on-road study methodology for analyzing naturalistic interactions among drivers, cyclists, motorcyclists and pedestrians Presents a review of state-of-the-art situation awareness theory and methods Provides practical guidance on a series of human factors methods Describes a framework to support the design of transport environments Evaluates new intersection concepts that encompass features designed to prevent collisions at intersections

Human Factors and Ergonomics in Sport

Author: Paul M. Salmon
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 1351060066
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 377

Book Description
Sport is an integral part of society, playing a key role in human health and well-being, and cultural, political and economic development. As sport is becoming more complex, competitive, diverse, and increasingly reliant on technology, HFE theories, methods, and principles are progressively being applied to help understand and optimize sports systems. Human Factors and Ergonomics in Sport: Applications and Future Directions showcases the latest in sports HFE research and practice. Including contributions from both HFE and sports science researchers, it provides a collection of state-of-the-art studies, reviews and commentaries covering a diverse set of sports and sporting issues. "This book is an excellent resource for all academics and students in general. It provides updated theoretical foundations and applications that conceive a world where everything is connected and embedded in technology that allows us to capture, process and visualise actions and interactions, also at transdisciplinary levels." Professor Jaime Sampaio, Head of the Research Center in Sports Sciences, Health and Human Development (CIDESD), University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Portugal "With the changing nature of work comes an ever-greater focus on leisure. Sport is a major dimension of this crucial form of human activity. Now comes Salmon and his colleagues who have assembled a panoply of world leaders who each provide their own individual perspectives on this intriguing world. Their emphasis on the human factors and ergonomics of these activities brings us new and exciting insights. A great read for the specialist and generalist alike." Professor Peter Hancock, Pegasus Professor, Provost Distinguished Research Professor and Trustee Chair, University of Central Florida, USA. "Finally, the complexity of sports and health is being considered in full. This book challenges contemporary thinking toward the prevention of injuries in sports, and provides tangible solutions to help our field into a new decade." Professor Evert Verhagen, Amsterdam Collaboration on Health and Safety in Sports & Department of Public and Occupational Health, VU University Medical Center

The Oxford Handbook of Expertise

Author: Paul Ward
Publisher: Oxford University Press, USA
ISBN: 0198795874
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 1298

Book Description
The Oxford Handbook of Expertise provides a comprehensive picture of the field of Expertise Studies. It offers both traditional and contemporary perspectives, and importantly, a multidiscipline-multimethod view of the science and engineering research on expertise.

Driving Automation

Author: Mark S. Young
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 1000851184
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 289

Book Description
The technology behind self-driving cars is being heavily promulgated as the solution to a variety of transport problems including safety, congestion, and impact on the environment. This text examines the key role that human factors plays in driving forward future vehicle automation in a way that realizes the benefits while avoiding the pitfalls. Driving Automation: A Human Factors Perspective addresses a range of issues related to vehicle automation beyond the 'can we' to 'how should we'. It covers important topics including mental workload and malleable attentional resources theory, effects of automation on driver performance, in-vehicle interface design, driver monitoring, eco-driving, responses to automation failure, and human-centred automation. The text will be useful for graduate students and professionals in diverse areas such as ergonomics/human factors, automobile engineering, industrial engineering, mechanical engineering, and health and safety.