Author: U.s. Department of Transportation Publisher: CreateSpace ISBN: 9781499695861 Category : Transportation Languages : en Pages : 70
Book Description
This report documents the results of a cognitive task analysis (CTA) that examined the cognitive and collaborative demands and activities of railroad roadway workers. The purpose of the CTA of roadway workers was to understand the factors that complicate performance in today's environments, as well as the knowledge and skills that roadway workers have developed to cope with the cognitive and collaborative demands placed on them.
Author: Ann M. Bisantz Publisher: CRC Press ISBN: 1420063057 Category : Computers Languages : en Pages : 400
Book Description
Despite continued interest in Cognitive Work Analysis (CWA) techniques for the analysis and design of complex, human-technology systems, few published accounts exist that document all of the five recommended phases of CWA in real world applications. Delineating a work-centered conceptual framework that guides the design of technology, Applications
Author: Paul Ward Publisher: Oxford University Press ISBN: 0192515403 Category : Psychology Languages : en Pages : 912
Book Description
The study of expertise weaves its way through various communities of practice, across disciplines, and over millennia. To date, the study of expertise has been primarily concerned with how human beings perform at a superior level in complex environments and sociotechnical systems, and at the highest levels of proficiency. However, more recent research has continued the search for better descriptions, and causal mechanisms that explain the complexities of expertise in context, with a view to translating this understanding into useful predictions and interventions capable of improving the performance of human systems as efficiently as possible. The Oxford Handbook of Expertise provides a comprehensive picture of the field of Expertise Studies. It offers both traditional and contemporary perspectives, and importantly, a multidiscipline-multimethod view of the science and engineering research on expertise. The book presents different perspectives, theories, and methods of conducting expertise research, all of which have had an impact in helping us better understand expertise across a broad range of domains. The Handbook also describes how researchers and practitioners have addressed practical problems and societal challenges. Throughout, the authors have sought to demonstrate the heterogeneity of approaches and conceptions of expertise, to place current views of expertise in context, to show how these views can be used to address current issues, and to examine ways to advance the study of expertise. The Oxford Handbook of Expertise is an essential resource both to those wanting to gain an up-to-date knowledge of the science of expertise and those wishing to study experts.
Author: Erik Hollnagel Publisher: CRC Press ISBN: 1351903888 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 171
Book Description
Preparation and Restoration is the second volume of Resilience Engineering Perspectives within the Ashgate Studies in Resilience Engineering series. In four sections, it broadens participation of the field to include policy and organization studies, and articulates aspects of resilience beyond initial definitions: - Policy and Organization explores public policy and organizational aspects of resilience and how they aid or inhibit preparation and restoration - Models and Measures addresses thoughts on ways to measure resilience and model systems to detect desirable, and undesirable, results - Elements and Traits examines features of systems and how they affect the ability to prepare for and recover from significant challenges - Applications and Implications examines how resilience plays out in the living laboratory of real-world operations. Preparation and Restoration addresses issues such as the nature of resilience; the similarities and differences between resilience and traditional ideas of system performance; how systems cope with varying demands and sometimes succeed and sometimes fail; how an organization's ways of preparing before critical events can enable or impede restoration; the trade-offs that are needed for systems to operate and survive; instances of brittle or resilient systems; how work practices affect resilience; the relationship between resilience and safety; and what improves or erodes resilience. This volume is valuable reading for those who create and operate systems that must not only survive, but thrive, in the face of challenge.
Author: U.s. Department of Transportation Publisher: Createspace Independent Publishing Platform ISBN: 9781494392260 Category : Transportation Languages : en Pages : 58
Book Description
Communications in current railroad operations rely heavily on voice communications. Radio congestion impairs roadway workers' ability to communicate effectively with dispatchers at the Central Traffic Control Center and has adverse consequences for the safety and efficiency of railroad operations.
Author: U. S. Department Of Transportation Publisher: CreateSpace ISBN: 9781493650118 Category : Languages : en Pages : 78
Book Description
The ability of dispatchers to communicate effectively with train crews and roadway workers impacts the safety and productivity of railroad operations. Voice radio channels have become increasingly congested as railroad traffic has increased and operations centers become more centralized. Data link represents a potential solution to supplement voice radio. Data link communication differs from voice radio because the information is digitally coded and discretely addressed. Digital coding allows many new options in providing communications better tailored to employee needs.
Author: Neslihan Iclal Doran Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 130
Book Description
This thesis documents the testing of a prototype of a smartphone to be used by roadway workers and dispatchers that was based in a wireless data link service. The main purpose of using a smartphone in railroad communications is to eliminate errors due to radio and pronunciation deficiencies. Previous studies analyzed the communication environment of the dispatcher in order to address questions based upon data link becoming a means for sending and receiving information in railroad operations. These studies have examined what kind of information is appropriate for each medium (voice and visual), and by what criteria a dispatcher will select which communication medium. Building on these studies, this work presents a comparison between a radio and data link mediums for a long communication of a characteristic type: assignment of a form D. This thesis reports on the on site testing of the data link system which proved to be useful and efficient in certain aspects of railroad applications. The new system was faster and more effective than the radio communication when used to convey long messages such as filling out Form Ds. The radio communication was faster than the datalink for confirmation communications that only require yes/no answers. One reason for this difference appears to be the users' unfamiliarity with the device. The time to convey short messages could also be reduced after the users become more proficient with the new system. The document also includes an analysis of the regulatory challenges that the new system would bring. A list or recommendations for the new regulations are presented at the end of the report.
Author: U.s. Department of Transportation
Author: Emilie M. Roth
Author: Ann M. Bisantz
Author: Paul Ward
Author: Erik Hollnagel
Author: Timothée Masquelier
Author: U.s. Department of Transportation
Author: U. S. Department Of Transportation
Author: Neslihan Iclal Doran
Author: Thomas Sheridan